Wheelchair Propulsion Animation

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Movements of the right arm and wheels during 3 wheelchair propulsion conditions: free speed (left), fast speed (middle), increased grade or resistance (right).

Dynamic Simulation Animation

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Animation of the joint kinetics (inverse dynamics) during wheelchair propulsion. The white lines represent the resultant vector of the hand reaction force (bottom) and shoulder net joint force (top). The circles represent the magnitude of the wrist, elbow, and shoulder net joint moments.